Common Diseases of Livestock and Poultry

1.   Bacterial Diseases

1.1 Bacterial Diseases of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, Pigs and Horse

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS)	·   Pasteurellosis ·   Shipping Fever	Pasteurella multocida	More common in Ruminants and pigs. Very rare horse
Anthrax	·   Splenic Fever ·   Wool Sorters Disease ·   Charbon ·   Malignant Pustule	Bacillus anthracis	More common in Ruminants. Rare in pigs and horse.
Tuberculosis (TB)	·   Pearl’s Disease	Mycobacterium bovis	All species.
John’s disease	·   Para Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium johnei (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)	More common in Ruminants. Rare in pigs and horse.
Brucellosis	·   Bang’s Disease ·   Contagious Abortion	Cattle, Buffalo: Brucella abortus Goat: Brucella melitensis Sheep: Brucella ovis	All species.
Foot rot		Fusobacterium necrophorum OR Fusiformis necrophorus OR Spherophorus necrophorus	Particularly in sheep>goat>cattle.
Black Quarter (BQ)	·   Black Leg ·   Quarter Ill ·   Symptomatic Anthrax	Clostridium chauvoei	More common in ruminants.
Enterotoxaemia	·   Lamb Dysentry	Clostridum perfringens (Type-B)	More common in lambs, calves.
	·   Struck	Clostridum perfringens (Type-C)	More common in adults.
	·   Over Eating Disease OR Pulpy Kidney Disease	Clostridum perfringens (Type-D) Toxin: Epsilon Toxin	More common in sheep.
Tetanus	·   Locked Jaw	Clostridium tetani	More common in horse
Braxy		Clostridium septicum	Disease of sheep
Botulism		Clostridium botulinum	More common in Ruminants. Rare in pigs and horse.
Colibacillosis	·   Coli Septicaemia	Escherchia coli	All species
Actinobacillosis	·   Wooden Tongue ·   Big Head Disease	Actinobacillus lignieresii	All species
Actinomycosis	·   Lumpy Jaw	Actinomyces bovis	All species
Listeriosis	·   Silage Disease ·   Circling Disease	Listeria monocytogenes	More common in sheep.
Campylobacteriosis		Campylobacter fetus C. jejuni	All species
Leptospirosis		Leptospira interrogans	All species
Glanders	·   Farcy	Actinobacillus mallei OR Pseudomonas mallei	Disease of horse.
Strangles	·   Equine Distemper	Streptococcus equi	Disease of horse.
Atropic Rhinitis		Brodetella bronchiseptica	Disease of pigs.
Calf scour		Bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella etc. Virus: Rota virus, Corona virus	All species
Mastitis	·   Mammitis	Bacteria: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma, E. coli, Klebsiella etc. Virus: Vesicular stomatitis, Infectious Rhinotracheitis	All species

1.2  Bacterial Diseases of Poultry

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology
Pullorum Disease	·    Bacillary White Diarrhea	Salmonella pullorum
Fowl Typhoid		Salmonella gallinarum
Fowl Cholera	·    Avian Pasturellosis ·    Avian Cholera ·    Avian HS	Pasturella multocida
Infectious Coryza		Haemophilus paragallinarum
Colibacillosis		Escherchia coli
Avian Tuberculosis		Mycobacterium avium
Necrotic Enteritis		Clostridium perfringens

Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram +ve	Gram –ve
Clostridium	Pasteurella
Bacillus	Brucella
Listeria	Klebsiella
Actinomyces	Salmonella
Streptococcus	Shigella
Staphylococcus	Brodetella
Corynebacterium	Fusobacterium
Nocardia	Pseudomonas
Enterococcus	Actinobacillus
	Escherchia coli
	Hemophilus
	Leptospira
	Campylobacter
	Vibrio
	Yersinia

Note:

·         Poorly stained (Neither Gm+ve, Nor Gm-ve): Mycobacterium (Sometimes kept as Gm+ve), Mycoplasma species.

·         Pasteurella multocida bacteria are Bipolar organism.

·         Mycobacterium bacteria are Acid Fast organism.

·         Bacillus and Clostridium are Spore forming organism.

·         Mycoplasma does not have Cell Wall.

2.   Viral Diseases

2.1  Viral Diseases of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, Pigs and Horse

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Rabies	·    Hydrophobia (Human) ·    Mad Dog ·    Dropped Jaw	Lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae	Disease of warm blooded mammals.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)		Apthovirus, Picornaviridae	Disease of Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pigs.
Rinderpest	·    Cattle plague	Morbilli virus/Paramyxo virus, Paramyxoviridae	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)	·    Goat plague	Morbilli virus, Paramyxoviridae	Disease of sheep and goat.
Swine Fever	·    Hog cholera ·    Classical swine fever ·    Swine plague	Pesti virus, Flaviviridae (Earlier Togaviridae)	Disease of pig.
Pseudorabies	·    Aujeskey’s Disease ·    Mad Itch ·    Infectious Bulbar Paralysis	Varicellovirus, Herpesviridae	More common in pigs.
Bovine Viral Dirarrhoea (BVD)		Pestivirus, Flaviviridae	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)		Varicellovirus, Herpesviridae	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
Bovine Ephemeral Fever	·    Three Day Sickness disease ·    Ephemeral fever	Ephemero virus, Rhabdoviridae	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
African Horse Sickness	·    Equine plague	Orbivirus, Reoviridae	Disease of horse.
Equine Influenza		Influenza A virus, Orthomyxoviridae	Disease of horse.
Equine Infectious Anaemia		Lenti virus, Retroviridae	Disease of horse.
Blue Tongue	·    Pseudo FMD	Orbi virus, Reoviridae	More common in sheep, but also affects goat and cattle.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)		Arterivirus, Arteriviridae	Disease of pigs.
Swine Influenza		Influenza A virus, Orthomyxoviridae	Disease of pigs.
Swine Pox		Suipoxvirus, Poxviridae	Disease of pigs.
Cow Pox		Cow pox virus (Orthopoxvirus), Poxviridae	Disease of cattle.
Sheep Pox		Sheep pox virus (Capripoxvirus), Poxviridae.	Disease of sheep.
Goat Pox		Goat pox virus (Capripoxvirus), Poxviridae	Disease of goat.

2.2  Viral Diseases of Poultry

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology
Newcastle Disease (ND)	·  Ranikhet	Paramyxovirus-Type I, Paramyxoviridae
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)	·  Gumboro	IBD virus or Birna virus, Birnaviridae
Avian Influenza (AI)	·  Bird Flu ·  Fowl Plague	Influenza A Virus, Orthomyxoviridae
Avian Lymphoid Leucosis Avian Leucosis Complex (ALC)	·  Big Liver Disease ·  Lymphoid Leucosis	Avian Leucosis Virus, Retroviridae
Marek’s Disease(MD)		Herpes virus, Herpesviridae
Chicken Infectious Anaemia (CIA)		Chicken Anaemia Virus
Infectious Bronchitis (IB)		Coronavirus
Fowl Pox		Avipoxvirus
Litchi Heart Disease/Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH)	·  Hydropericardium	Adenovirus
Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)		Herpesvirus
Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE)	· Epidemic Tremor	Picornavirus, Enteroviridae
Egg Drop Syndrome		Adeno virus

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA) virus

DNA Virus	RNA Virus
Herpesvirus	Picornavirus
Adenovirus	Flavivirus
Poxvirus	Togavirus
Parvovirus	Orthomyxovirus
Chicken Anaemia virus	Paramyxovirus
	Coronavirus
	Retrovirus
	Reovirus
	Rhabdovirus
	Brinavirus

Note:

·         Influenza A virus has two types of Glycoproteins.

o   Hemaglutinin: 16 types (H1 to H16)

o   Neuraminidase: 9 types (N1 to N9)

·         H5 and H7 are Highly Pathogenic Avian Influnza.

·         Largest virus is Pox Virus.

·         Smallest virus is Picrona virus.

3.   Mycoplasmal Disease

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)		Mycoplasma mycoides (subspecies mycoides)	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP)		Mycoplasma mycoides (ss:capri)	Disease of sheep and goat.
Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)	·   Mycoplasmosis	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Disease of poultry.

4.   Protozoal Diseases

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Babesiosis	·    Tick Fever ·    Piroplasmosis ·    Texas Fever ·    Red Fever	Babesia species	Disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pigs, horse, dog, cat and man.
Trypanosomiosis	·    Surra	Trypanosoma evansi	Disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pigs, horse, dog, cat etc. More common in horse.
Theileriosis	·    East Coast Fever ·    Red Water	Theileria annulata, Theileria parva	Disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat.
Coccidiosis		Eimeria species, Isospora species	Disease of all animals.
Toxoplasmosis		Toxoplasma gondii	Disease of sheep, goat, pigs and cats. More common in cats.

5.   Rickettsial Diseses

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Anaplasmosis	·   South African Gall Sickness	Anaplasma marginale, A. central	Disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and horse.
Ehrlichiosis		Ehrlichia species	Disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, dogs.

6.   Fungal Diseases

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Dermatophytosis	·   Ringworm	Microsporum species, Trichophyton species, Epidermophyton species	All species
Aspergillosis	·   Brooder Pneumonia	Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus	Disease of poultry.
Mycotoxicosis		Various toxins produced from Aspergillus species, Fusarium species, Penicillium species	All species including poultry.
Candidiosis		Candida albicans	Disease of all animals.

7.   Prion Diseases

Disease	Synonyms	Etiology	Remarks
Bovine Spongiform Encepalopathy (BSE)		Prion	Disease of cattle and buffalo.
Scrapie		Prion	Disease of sheep and goat. More common in sheep.

More information on poultry diseases (General Concept)

Topic	Disease
Vertically transmitted disease	·      Salmonellosis ·      Mycoplasmosis ·      Avian Encephalomyelitis ·      Chicken Infectious Anaemia ·      Avian Leucosis Complex ·      Egg Drop Syndrome
Immuno-suppressive Disease	·      Infectious Bursal Disease ·      Reo virus Infection ·      Mycotoxicosis ·      Chicken Infectious Anaemia ·      Marek’s Disease
Disease of young chicks	·      Aspergillosis (Below 10 days) ·      Avian Encephalomyelitis (Below 10 days) ·      Bacillary White Diarrhoea (Below 14 days) ·      Omphalitis (Below 5 days)
Disease of 3-5 weeks	·      Coccidiosis ·      Infectious Brusal Disease
Disease of adult birds	·      Avian Leucosis Complex (Above 5 months) ·      Marek’s Disease (Mostly in 2-5 months) ·      Fowl Cholera (Above 2-3 months) ·      Egg Drop Syndrome
Respiratory system	·      Newcastle Disease ·      Infectious Bronchitis ·      Infectious Coryza ·      Mycoplasmosis ·      Infectious Laryngotracheitis ·      Avian Influenza ·      Fowl Cholera (Acute form) ·      Colibacillosis ·      Aspergillosis ·      Ornithosis
Gastrointestinal system (Diarrhoea)	·      Colibacillosis ·      Fowl Typhoid ·      Necrotic Enteritis ·      Newcastle Disease ·      Avian Influenza ·      Mycotoxicosis ·      Fowl Cholera ·      Coccidiosis
Neuro-muscular system	·      Newcastle Disease ·      Avian Influenza ·      Marek’s Disease ·      Avian Encephalomyelitis
Disease affecting egg production, egg shell quality	·      Newcastle Disease ·      Infectious Bronchitis ·      Avian Influenza ·      Egg Drop Syndrome (Chalky Egg Shell) ·      Avian Encephalomyelitis (If occurred in layers it causes transient drop in egg production)
Neoplastic (Tumor) Disease	·      Avian Leucosis Complex ·      Marek’s Disease